Formal Shapes and Hedging

Shaping plants has recently captured my interest. Whether it be cones, eggs or the more typical rectangles the right amount of topiary can create an artistic focal point and add structure to even the most rustic of gardens. Usually I consider myself a more naturalistic gardener. However, there is something gratifying, peaceful and creative to shaping a plant. The process may take several years if not longer, but it is well worth it when you achieve that final, tightly cornered box or pyramid.

First, the correct species of shrub needs to be chosen. Boxwood is arguably the easiest and most often used plant for formal shapes. Photinia and Laurel are examples of plants that can be maintained as larger hedges for screening and privacy. There are also choices to be made on flowering versus non-flowering and decidious versus evergreen. And, as always, remember the mantra Right Plant, Right Place! Environmental conditions and maximum size of the plant should be considered.

Once plants have been planted there is some set up to be done. To get even an even form a string is tied to stakes to outline the desired shape. A level is a handy tool to make sure lines are straight. Shapes should be chosen that leave a wider bottom on the shrub than the top to ensure the shrub stays green, healthy and fully covered with leaves. If you plan to do a long formal rectangular hedge than the slant from the base to the top of the shrub can be slight so that it is unnoticeable to the garden's visitors.

Shearing should be done at least 2-3 times a year or when the plant gets hairy due to new growth. Having formal shapes in your landscape can take time and patience, but the result is well worth it. For more information The Purdue Horticulture Department has an excellent fact sheet and plant list here.